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Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

Evidence: Unconfirmed

Names

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
THS
Painful Ophthalmoplegia
Non-specific inflammation of the cavernous sinus
Non-specific inflammation of the superior orbital fissure

Description

Patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome experience episodes of severe headaches surrounding the eyes, along with restricted eye movement that is painful (ophthalmoplegia). Normally, only one eye is affected and will frequently appear protruded. Symptoms may also include nerve abnormalities, such as eyelid drooping, double vision, large pupil, and numbness of the face. This disorder typically occurs in relapsing flares. The cause of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is unknown but is associated with the inflammation within the eyes and may be autoimmune.

Patient Groups

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Prevalence

US Cases: 320 cases per year [Amrutkar 2020 by reference to Iaconetta 2005]. No prevalence reported.

Typical Age of onset

All ages.

Symptoms

  • Constant pain behind the eyeball and around the orbit

  • Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are damaged

  • Extreme headache

  • Double vision

  • Protrusion of the eye drooping eyelid