Ankylosing spondylitis
Evidence: Unconfirmed
Names
Ankylosing spondylitis
Spondyloarthritis
Axial spondyloarthritis
Description
Ankylosing spondylitis, a form of arthritis, triggers inflammation in the spine's joints and ligaments, potentially extending to peripheral joints such as knees, ankles, and hips. Typically, these spinal joints and ligaments facilitate movement and flexibility. However, in ankylosing spondylitis, inflammation can induce stiffness. In severe instances, this inflammation may prompt the vertebrae to fuse together, resulting in a rigid and immobile spine. Although there's no cure, various treatments can manage symptoms effectively. These may encompass exercises, physical or occupational therapy to enhance mobility and posture, and medications to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, improve posture, and slow disease progression. With appropriate treatment, individuals with ankylosing spondylitis can lead fulfilling lives.
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Prevalence
US Cases: 170,000 [Bakland 2005] to 800,000 [Park 2018]
Typical Age of onset
Median age at diagnosis: 23
Rarely diagnosed after age 40
Symptoms
Pain and stiffness in the lower back, buttocks, and hips for more than three months
Often starts where the spine joins the pelvis in the lower back (sacroiliac joints)
May become difficult to expand the chest when taking a deep breath
Pain in ligaments and tendons
Pain and stiffness in the area behind or beneath the heel
Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Eye inflammation
Sources: Mayo Clinic
