Autoimmune orchitis
Evidence: Unconfirmed
Names
Autoimmune orchitis
Description
Autoimmune orchitis involves inflammation of the testicles and the presence of specific antibodies against sperm. There are two types of this condition: primary autoimmune orchitis and secondary autoimmune orchitis. Primary autoimmune orchitis is found in men who are infertile and have no symptoms of other diseases. It is characterized by inflammation in the testicles and the presence of antibodies targeting the structures in the testicles. Men with this condition do not have any systemic illnesses and usually show no symptoms. Secondary autoimmune orchitis occurs in men with a systemic autoimmune disease, especially those with conditions like vasculitis. About 50% of these patients have antibodies against sperm, with systemic lupus erythematosus being a common related condition.
The exact cause of both primary and secondary autoimmune orchitis is still unknown, but it is believed to be due to a combination of factors. Inflammation, infection, or injury to the testicles may trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies against sperm. These antibodies can cause sperm to clump together or become immobilized, preventing them from fertilizing an egg and leading to infertility.
Patient Groups
None
Bloggers
None
Prevalence
Prevalence is unknown but the disease is very rare. We believe fewer than 1,000 cases in the US.
Typical Age of onset
The highest risk is in those 15 to 29 years of age [Science Direct]
Symptoms
Swelling in one or both testicles
Pain ranging from mild to severe
Fever
Nausea and vomiting
General feeling of unwellness (malaise)
References
Autoimmunity Reviews
PubMed
Science Direct
June 2024 Update by Lauren Young
